Causative Constructions
Kausativkonstruktionen
German uses lassen plus an infinitive as its causative construction, covering three English meanings: having something done, letting someone do something, and making something happen. Ich lasse mein Auto reparieren means I have my car repaired, while Ich lasse ihn gehen means I let him go, and context alone decides which reading applies.
Master lassen + infinitive for causatives.
Rules & Explanations
Causative Constructions Introduction
Einführung: Kausative Konstruktionen
I have my car repaired. I let him go. I make her laugh. — These are causative constructions! German uses lassen for all of them: Ich lasse mein Auto reparieren.
German uses lassen for all these meanings! Context determines if it means have done, let, or make.
English uses different verbs: have something done, let someone do, make someone do.
Ich lasse mein Auto reparieren. / Ich lasse ihn gehen. / Das lässt mich hoffen.
I have my car repaired. / I let him go. / That makes me hope.
lassen + infinitive. Multiple meanings depending on context!
lassen is extremely common and versatile. Mastering it greatly improves your German!
lassen Conjugation
lassen Konjugation
lassen conjugates like a strong verb. Note: Perfekt uses double infinitive (lassen, not gelassen)!
lassen konjugiert wie ein starkes Verb. Perfekt mit doppeltem Infinitiv!
| Person | Present | Präteritum | Perfekt |
|---|---|---|---|
| ich | lasse | ließ | habe ... lassen |
| du | lässt | ließt | hast ... lassen |
| er/sie/es | lässt | ließ | hat ... lassen |
| wir | lassen | ließen | haben ... lassen |
| ihr | lasst | ließt | habt ... lassen |
| sie/Sie | lassen | ließen | haben ... lassen |
lassen: ich lasse, du lässt, er lässt. Perfekt: habe ... lassen (double infinitive)!
Perfekt of lassen + verb = double infinitive. reparieren lassen!
Common Mistakes
-
✗ Ich habe das Auto reparieren gelassen.
✓ Ich habe das Auto reparieren lassen.
With another verb: lassen stays infinitive (double infinitive), not gelassen!
Meaning 1: Have Something Done
Bedeutung 1: Etwas machen lassen
lassen + infinitive = have something done (by someone else). Very common!
lassen + Infinitiv = etwas machen lassen (von jemand anderem).
| German | English | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Ich lasse mein Auto reparieren. | I have my car repaired. | professional service |
| Sie lässt sich die Haare schneiden. | She has her hair cut. | personal service |
| Er lässt das Haus renovieren. | He has the house renovated. | professional service |
| Ich lasse mir einen Anzug machen. | I have a suit made for me. | custom order |
have done = lassen + infinitive. I have my car washed = Ich lasse mein Auto waschen.
Service context: lassen = have done. lasse reparieren = have repaired.
Meaning 2: Let / Allow
Bedeutung 2: Erlauben / Zulassen
lassen + person + infinitive = let/allow someone to do something.
lassen + Person + Infinitiv = jemanden etwas tun lassen.
| German | English | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Ich lasse ihn gehen. | I let him go. | permission |
| Sie lässt die Kinder spielen. | She lets the children play. | permission |
| Lass mich in Ruhe! | Leave me alone! | request |
| Er lässt sie nicht ausgehen. | He does not let her go out. | prohibition |
let = lassen + person + infinitive. Ich lasse ihn gehen = I let him go.
Person as object: lassen = let. Ich lasse ihn gehen.
Meaning 3: Make / Cause
Bedeutung 3: Verursachen
lassen can express cause/effect or possibility (sich lassen = can be done).
lassen kann Ursache/Wirkung oder Möglichkeit ausdrücken (sich lassen).
| German | English | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Das lässt mich hoffen. | That makes me hope. | cause feeling |
| Der Film hat mich weinen lassen. | The film made me cry. | cause action |
| Das lässt sich verstehen. | That can be understood. | possibility |
cause = lassen. Das lässt mich lachen = That makes me laugh. sich lassen = can be done.
Effect context: lassen = make. lässt mich hoffen = makes me hope.
sich lassen = Passive Alternative
sich lassen = Passiv-Alternative
sich lassen + infinitive = can be done. Das lässt sich machen = That can be done (= Das kann gemacht werden). Very common!
sich lassen + Infinitiv = kann gemacht werden. Das lässt sich machen = kann gemacht werden. Sehr häufig!
That cannot be changed.
Das lässt sich nicht ändern. = Das kann nicht geändert werden.
Examples
Ich lasse mein Auto reparieren.
I have my car repaired.
lasse ... reparierenCausative: have something done by someone else.
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Ich | I |
| lasse | have |
| mein Auto | my car |
| reparieren | repaired |
Sie lässt sich die Haare schneiden.
She has her hair cut.
lässt sich ... schneidenReflexive causative: sich lassen for personal services.
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Sie | She |
| lässt sich | has (for herself) |
| die Haare | hair |
| schneiden | cut |
Ich lasse ihn gehen.
I let him go.
lasse ihn gehenPermission: let someone do something.
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Ich | I |
| lasse | let |
| ihn | him |
| gehen | go |
Lass mich in Ruhe!
Leave me alone!
Lass michImperative of lassen: Leave me!
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Lass | Leave/Let |
| mich | me |
| in Ruhe | alone/in peace |
Das lässt mich hoffen.
That makes me hope.
lässt mich hoffenCausative: make someone feel/do.
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Das | That |
| lässt | makes |
| mich | me |
| hoffen | hope |
Das lässt sich nicht ändern.
That cannot be changed.
lässt sich ... ändernPassive alternative: sich lassen = can be done.
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Das | That |
| lässt sich | can be |
| nicht | not |
| ändern | changed |
Ich habe das Auto reparieren lassen.
I have had the car repaired.
habe ... reparieren lassenPerfekt: double infinitive (reparieren lassen).
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Ich | I |
| habe | have |
| das Auto | the car |
| reparieren | repair |
| lassen | had |
Sie lässt die Kinder im Garten spielen.
She lets the children play in the garden.
lässt ... spielenPermission: lets + person + infinitive.
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Sie | She |
| lässt | lets |
| die Kinder | the children |
| im Garten | in the garden |
| spielen | play |
Practice Exercises
8 interactive exercises
Ich ___ mein Auto reparieren.
I have my car repaired.
You got on this topic's exercises.
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Common questions about lassen and causative constructions
What does lassen mean in German?
On its own lassen means to leave or to let. With an infinitive it becomes causative and covers three ideas: having a service done, as in Ich lasse mein Auto reparieren; giving permission, as in Ich lasse ihn gehen; and leaving someone alone, as in the imperative Lass mich in Ruhe.
How do you say to have something done in German?
Use lassen plus the infinitive of the action, with the person doing the work usually left unmentioned. Ich lasse mein Auto reparieren means I have my car repaired by a mechanic. Er lässt das Haus renovieren means he is having the house renovated. A reflexive pronoun adds a beneficiary: Ich lasse mir einen Anzug machen.
How is lassen conjugated in German?
It is a strong verb with a vowel change in the second and third person singular: ich lasse, du lässt, er lässt, wir lassen, ihr lasst, sie lassen. The Präteritum is ließ, ließt, ließ, ließen, ließt, ließen. The Perfekt with a dependent infinitive uses the double infinitive, as in hat reparieren lassen.
Why is it hat reparieren lassen and not hat reparieren gelassen?
Because lassen behaves like a modal verb here. When it governs another infinitive, its past participle gelassen is replaced by the infinitive form, producing a double infinitive: Ich habe mein Auto reparieren lassen. You only see gelassen when lassen stands alone, as in Ich habe den Schlüssel zu Hause gelassen.
How do you tell whether lassen means have done or let?
Look at whether the person performing the action is named. Sie lässt sich die Haare schneiden names no agent, so it means she has her hair cut. Sie lässt die Kinder spielen names the doers, the children, so it means she lets them play. Word order and context, not the verb form, carry the difference.